Profile and Risk Factors of Children with Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Abstract

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most prevalent congenital heart disease (CHD). While various risk factors for isolated VSD exist, the specific risk factors and patient profiles for isolated VSD cases at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) remains undisclosed. Thus, this study aims to investigate this information. Data were obtained from medical records and or patients’ parent interviews. The data were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 for Windows. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the association of the variables. This case-control study investigated 40 isolated VSD patients and 40 control patients, aged 1 month to 18 years, at CMH in 2020. For the risk factors, the presence of a genetic syndrome such as Down syndrome [OR 2.143 (CI 95% 1.682–2.729), p=0.02] was confirmed from 40 VSD patients as the only risk factor of isolated VSD in this population. However, several other parameters including socio-economic status (p=0.491), maternal age when pregnant (p=0.745), paternal smoking (p=0.370), maternal gestational diabetes (p=0.494), maternal smoking history during pregnancy (p=1), and maternal alcohol intake history during pregnancy (p=1) did not correlate with isolated VSD in this population. Children with Down syndrome are at risk of isolated VSD, compared to children without a genetic syndrome.